A Māori village: listening before describing

毛利文化是新西兰文化的重要组成部分。

máo lì wén huà shì xīn xī lán wén huà de zhòng yào zǔ chéng bù fèn。

Māori culture is an important part of New Zealand's culture.

会堂上的雕刻记录祖先、故事和部族联系。

huì táng shàng de diāo kè jì lù zǔ xiān、 gù shì hé bù zú lián xì。

The carvings on the meeting house record ancestors, stories and tribal connections.

来访者进入会堂以前要了解当地规则。

lái fǎng zhě jìn rù huì táng yǐ qián yào liǎo jiě dāng dì guī zé。

Visitors should learn the local rules before entering the meeting house.

主人用正式问候迎接来到村落的客人。

zhǔ rén yòng zhèng shì wèn hòu yíng jiē lái dào cūn luò de kè rén。

The hosts use a formal greeting to welcome visitors to the village.

欢迎仪式包含讲话、歌唱和彼此介绍。

huān yíng yí shì bāo hán jiǎng huà、 gē chàng hè bǐ cǐ jiè shào。

The welcoming ceremony includes speeches, singing and introductions.

语言和雕刻需要由一代代人学习与传承。

yǔ yán hé diāo kè xū yào yóu yí dài dài rén xué xí yǔ chuán chéng。

The language and carving traditions need to be learned and passed on through generations.

小宁来到新西兰北岛的罗托鲁瓦，跟随向导走进一处毛利文化参观场所。门口已经有人等候，远处传来问候的声音。

xiǎo níng lái dào xīn xī lán běi dǎo de luó tuō lǔ wǎ， gēn suí xiàng dǎo zǒu jìn yí chù máo lì wén huà cān guān chǎng suǒ。 mén kǒu yǐ jīng yǒu rén děng hòu， yuǎn chù chuán lái wèn hòu de shēng yīn。

In Rotorua on New Zealand's North Island, Xiaoning followed a guide into a Māori cultural site, hearing greetings as people waited at the entrance.

走近一处文化参观场所，门楼上的雕刻先吸引了她，不同的线条与形状连在一起，并不只是漂亮的装饰。

zǒu jìn yí chù wén huà cān guān chǎng suǒ， mén lóu shàng de diāo kè xiān xī yǐn le tā， bù tóng de xiàn tiáo yǔ xíng zhuàng lián zài yì qǐ， bìng bù zhǐ shì piào liàng de zhuāng shì。

Carvings on a gateway catch her attention, with connected shapes and lines that are more than decoration.

向导告诉大家，有些图案与祖先、地方和故事有关，想了解含义，需要认真听当地人的说明。

xiàng dǎo gào su dà jiā， yǒu xiē tú àn yǔ zǔ xiān、 dì fang hé gù shì yǒu guān， xiǎng liǎo jiě hán yì， xū yào rèn zhēn tīng dāng dì rén de shuō míng。

The guide explains that some designs relate to ancestors, places and stories and require local explanation to understand.

小宁没有只凭外形猜答案，便在本子上留出空白，等向导讲清，再把名称与故事联系起来。

xiǎo níng méi yǒu zhǐ píng wài xíng cāi dá àn， biàn zài běn zi shàng liú chū kòng bái， děng xiàng dǎo jiǎng qīng， zài bǎ míng chēng yǔ gù shì lián xì qǐ lai。

She leaves space in her notebook rather than guessing from appearance, then connects names with the guide’s account.

进入会堂附近时，大家留意参观要求，按照引导行动，不把别人的文化空间当成随便摆姿势的背景。

jìn rù huì táng fù jìn shí， dà jiā liú yì cān guān yāo qiú， àn zhào yǐn dǎo xíng dòng， bù bǎ bié rén de wén huà kōng jiān dàng chéng suí biàn bǎi zī shì de bèi jǐng。

Near the meeting hall, visitors follow instructions and treat the cultural space respectfully.

欢迎活动里，声音、动作和参与者之间的回应相互联系，小宁发现它并不只是一段给游客看的表演。

huān yíng huó dòng lǐ， shēng yīn、 dòng zuò hé cān yù zhě zhī jiān de huí yìng xiāng hù lián xì， xiǎo níng fā xiàn tā bìng bù zhǐ shì yí duàn gěi yóu kè kàn de biǎo yǎn。

Voices, movement and responses in the welcome are interconnected, and Xiaoning recognises more than a performance for tourists.

她想拍照片，便先询问是否可以，也听清哪些地方需要保留安静，让参观与尊重放在一起。

tā xiǎng pāi zhào piān， biàn xiān xún wèn shì fǒu kě yǐ， yě tīng qīng nǎ xiē dì fang xū yào bǎo liú ān jìng， ràng cān guān yǔ zūn zhòng fàng zài yì qǐ。

She asks permission before taking photographs and listens to which areas should remain quiet.

向导也说明，不同社区有不同做法，一次参观只能让大家认识一个具体例子，并不能代表全部毛利群体。

xiàng dǎo yě shuō míng， bù tóng shè qū yǒu bù tóng zuò fǎ， yí cì cān guān zhǐ néng ràng dà jiā rèn shi yí ge jù tǐ lì zi， bìng bù néng dài biǎo quán bù máo lì qún tǐ。

The guide explains that communities vary and one visit cannot represent all Māori groups.

一个孩子问花纹能不能自己改，向导便说明，在不了解意义以前，不宜把有特定联系的图案当成任意拼接的材料。小宁把这句话记下来，发现认真询问，并不会使参观少了趣味，反而能看懂更多关系。

yí ge hái zi wèn huā wén néng bù néng zì jǐ gǎi， xiàng dǎo biàn shuō míng， zài bù liǎo jiě yì yì yǐ qián， bù yí bǎ yǒu tè dìng lián xì de tú àn dàng chéng rèn yì pīn jiē de cái liào。 xiǎo níng bǎ zhè jù huà jì xià lai， fā xiàn rèn zhēn xún wèn， bìng bú huì shǐ cān guān shǎo le qù wèi， fǎn ér néng kàn dǒng gèng duō guān xì。

The guide advises against altering culturally specific patterns without understanding them. Xiaoning finds that asking respectfully enriches the visit.

离开会堂后，小宁看见人们继续交谈、工作和安排活动，这里的文化并没有只停在过去的故事里。

lí kāi huì táng hòu， xiǎo níng kàn jiàn rén men jì xù jiāo tán、 gōng zuò hé ān pái huó dòng， zhè lǐ de wén huà bìng méi yǒu zhǐ tíng zài guò qù de gù shì lǐ。

Afterwards she sees people talking, working and organising activities, showing that culture is not confined to old stories.

朋友想只画门楼，她建议再加上讲解者和欢迎活动，也留出一行写今天人们怎样使用这个地方。

péng yǒu xiǎng zhǐ huà mén lóu， tā jiàn yì zài jiā shàng jiǎng jiě zhě hé huān yíng huó dòng， yě liú chū yī xíng xiě jīn tiān rén men zěn yàng shǐ yòng zhè ge dì fang。

She suggests adding the guide, the welcome and present-day uses to a friend’s drawing of the gateway.

他们把图片交给向导看，听他指出一个名称写错了，便认真改好，不把礼貌的点头当成已经完全理解。

tā men bǎ tú piàn jiāo gěi xiàng dǎo kàn， tīng tā zhǐ chū yí ge míng chēng xiě cuò le， biàn rèn zhēn gǎi hǎo， bù bǎ lǐ mào de diǎn tóu dàng chéng yǐ jīng wán quán lǐ jiě。

The guide corrects a name in their picture, and they revise it rather than treating a polite nod as full understanding.

回望门楼，小宁仍然喜欢那些花纹，可现在，她也记得每一道线条背后，可能有需要倾听的人与故事。

huí wàng mén lóu， xiǎo níng réng rán xǐ huan nà xiē huā wén， kě xiàn zài， tā yě jì de měi yí dào xiàn tiáo bèi hòu， kě néng yǒu xū yào qīng tīng de rén yǔ gù shì。

Looking back, she still admires the patterns but now remembers the people and stories that deserve to be heard behind them.

A 你在地图上找到了哪里？

nǐ zài dì tú shàng zhǎo dào le nǎ lǐ？

What did you locate on the map?

B 新西兰北岛的罗托鲁瓦。

xīn xī lán běi dǎo de luó tuō lǔ wǎ。

Rotorua on New Zealand’s North Island.

A 看见图案就能知道意思吗？

kàn jiàn tú àn jiù néng zhī dào yì si ma？

Does seeing a design establish its meaning?

B 我先记录形状，再查讲解者的说明。

wǒ xiān jì lù xíng zhuàng， zài chá jiǎng jiě zhě de shuō míng。

I record its shape, then check the guide’s explanation.

A 你为什么修改图片上的名称？

nǐ wèi shén me xiū gǎi tú piàn shàng de míng chēng？

Why did you revise a name in the picture?

B 因为向导指出了错误，我就按说明改好。

yīn wèi xiàng dǎo zhǐ chū le cuò wù， wǒ jiù àn shuō míng gǎi hǎo。

The guide pointed out an error, so I corrected it using the explanation.