5–8 minutes
Learn the core expressions and record in short blocks.
Describe the deliberate signs of calm.
Read the empty-fort episode as a literary story. Distinguish what Sima Yi directly sees from his inference, and explain how his prior belief affects his decision. You can pause after any study block and continue later.
Perspectives, readers & research · Lessons 9–12
Follow the sequence and context. Distinguish what this account states from an inference or judgement about the past.
Read this part, identify the main event or idea, and note one useful detail.
Read this part, identify the main event or idea, and note one useful detail.
Read this part, identify the main event or idea, and note one useful detail.
Link the parts, try the reading checks, then write or explain a supported response. Complete the dialogue recordings in short blocks.
5–8 minutes
Learn the core expressions and record in short blocks.
10–15 minutes per sitting
Read one part per sitting. Use the reading sessions in this plan, then connect the parts and practise the dialogue in short blocks.
5–10 minutes
Practise the writing focus and revisit your first-choice answers.
Try each item in a short block. Listen when needed, record when ready, and use the hints to retry. Pinyin and English can be turned off independently.
Pinyin shows how to say a word. The mark above a vowel shows its tone.
Watch the tone marks and listen for the rhythm of the whole phrase. Light syllables are short; pauses belong between meaningful groups.
Flip each card for stroke order. This lesson’s writing focus: 退 · 埋 · 策 · 疑 · 镇 · 撤.
镇定
zhèn dìng
calm
兵力
bīng lì
military strength
埋伏
mái fu
ambush
疑虑
yí lǜ
doubt
撤退
chè tuì
retreat
计策
jì cè
stratagem
敌军来到城外时,诸葛亮仍然表现得十分镇定。
dí jūn lái dào chéng wài shí, zhū gě liàng réng rán biǎo xiàn de shí fēn zhèn dìng。
When the enemy reaches the city, Zhuge Liang remains remarkably calm.
城里的兵力不足,无法正面迎战。
chéng lǐ de bīng lì bù zú, wú fǎ zhèng miàn yíng zhàn。
The forces inside the city are too small for a direct battle.
城门大开让敌军怀疑里面藏有埋伏。
chéng mén dà kāi ràng dí jūn huái yí lǐ miàn cáng yǒu mái fu。
The open gates make the enemy suspect that an ambush is hidden inside.
敌军将领反复观察,心中的疑虑越来越多。
dí jūn jiàng lǐng fǎn fù guān chá, xīn zhōng de yí lǜ yuè lái yuè duō。
The enemy commander observes repeatedly, and his doubts continue to grow.
担心中了计策以后,他下令全军撤退。
dān xīn zhōng le jì cè yǐ hòu, tā xià lìng quán jūn chè tuì。
Fearing that he has fallen into a trap, he orders the entire army to retreat.
这个计策利用对方的疑虑,使敌军撤退。
zhè ge jì cè lì yòng duì fāng de yí lǜ, shǐ dí jūn chè tuì。
This strategy uses the opponent’s doubts to make the enemy retreat.
A literary episode from the Three Kingdoms tradition.
在《三国演义》的这则故事里,诸葛亮带着少量士兵驻在西城,忽然有人赶来报告:“司马懿的大军就要到了!”众人听完,急忙看向城外。远处尘土飞扬,身旁的士兵却没有多少,大家一时不知怎样迎敌。
zài 《 sān guó yǎn yì 》 de zhè zé gù shì lǐ, zhū gě liàng dài zhe shǎo liàng shì bīng zhù zài xī chéng, hū rán yǒu rén gǎn lái bào gào:“sī mǎ yì de dà jūn jiù yào dào le!” zhòng rén tīng wán, jí máng kàn xiàng chéng wài。 yuǎn chù chén tǔ fēi yáng, shēn páng de shì bīng què méi yǒu duō shǎo, dà jiā yī shí bù zhī zěn yàng yíng dí。
In this story from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, zhuge Liang was at Xicheng with few soldiers when a messenger warned that Sima Yi’s army was approaching. Dust rose in the distance, and those around him did not know how to meet the enemy.
他登上城楼,看见远处尘土飞扬,却没有跟着慌乱,迅速收起旗帜,打开城门,让一些人在街上洒水、扫地。
tā dēng shàng chéng lóu, kàn jiàn yuǎn chù chén tǔ fēi yáng, què méi yǒu gēn zhe huāng luàn, xùn sù shōu qǐ qí zhì, dǎ kāi chéng mén, ràng yì xiē rén zài jiē shàng sǎ shuǐ、 sǎo dì。
Seeing dust from the tower, he remains composed and orders flags hidden, gates opened and people to sprinkle water and sweep the streets.
有人担心打开城门太危险,他却坚持安排,并请城里的人不要乱跑,不要发出惊慌的声音。
yǒu rén dān xīn dǎ kāi chéng mén tài wēi xiǎn, tā què jiān chí ān pái, bìng qǐng chéng lǐ de rén bú yào luàn pǎo, bú yào fā chū jīng huāng de shēng yīn。
Some fear opening the gates, but he insists and tells the townspeople not to run about or cry out in panic.
诸葛亮自己带着书童坐在城楼上弹琴。琴声与从容的姿态,进一步加强了平静的场面。城外的人看得见这些动作,却看不见城内究竟安排了多少士兵。
zhū gě liàng zì jǐ dài zhe shū tóng zuò zài chéng lóu shàng tán qín。 qín shēng yǔ cóng róng de zī tài, jìn yí bù jiā qiáng le píng jìng de chǎng miàn。 chéng wài de rén kàn de jiàn zhè xiē dòng zuò, què kàn bú jiàn chéng nèi jiū jìng ān pái le duō shǎo shì bīng。
His calm music reinforces the scene, while observers outside cannot directly establish how many soldiers are inside.
先到的敌军不敢马上前进,回去报告。司马懿亲自来看,也觉得情景奇怪。他记得对手用兵谨慎,于是把眼前的反常平静理解为可能有埋伏,决定先避免冒进。
xiān dào de dí jūn bù gǎn mǎ shàng qián jìn, huí qu bào gào。 sī mǎ yì qīn zì lái kàn, yě jué de qíng jǐng qí guài。 tā jì de duì shǒu yòng bīng jǐn shèn, yú shì bǎ yǎn qián de fǎn cháng píng jìng lǐ jiě wèi kě néng yǒu mái fu, jué dìng xiān bì miǎn mào jìn。
Scouts report the unusual scene. Sima Yi recalls his opponent’s caution, interprets the calm as a possible ambush and avoids advancing.
后来,敌军撤退,西城暂时脱离危险。这个结果与司马懿的判断有关:他相信熟悉的对手不会毫无准备,所以没有把打开的城门只看成一个可以进入的入口。
hòu lái, dí jūn chè tuì, xī chéng zàn shí tuō lí wēi xiǎn。 zhè ge jié guǒ yǔ sī mǎ yì de pàn duàn yǒu guān: tā xiāng xìn shú xī de duì shǒu bú huì háo wú zhǔn bèi, suǒ yǐ méi yǒu bǎ dǎ kāi de chéng mén zhǐ kàn chéng yí ge kě yǐ jìn rù de rù kǒu。
The withdrawal follows his belief that a familiar cautious opponent would not be unprepared; the open gate becomes more than an entrance.
身边的人问:“敌军为什么不进来?”诸葛亮望着远处的尘土,解释司马懿一向知道自己用兵谨慎,这才怀疑城里有埋伏。
shēn biān de rén wèn:“dí jūn wèi shén me bù jìn lái?” zhū gě liàng wàng zhe yuǎn chù de chén tǔ, jiě shì sī mǎ yì yí xiàng zhī dào zì jǐ yòng bīng jǐn shèn, zhè cái huái yí chéng lǐ yǒu mái fu。
“Why did the enemy not enter?” someone asks. Zhuge Liang explains that Sima Yi knows his caution and therefore suspects an ambush.
众人这才放松下来,有人去查看城门,有人继续整理街道,刚才压在心头的紧张渐渐散去。
zhòng rén zhè cái fàng sōng xià lai, yǒu rén qù chá kàn chéng mén, yǒu rén jì xù zhěng lǐ jiē dào, gāng cái yā zài xīn tóu de jǐn zhāng jiàn jiàn sàn qù。
The people relax, check the gates and tidy the streets as their anxiety gradually lifts.
诸葛亮放下琴,仍然提醒大家留意后续消息,眼前脱离危险,并不表示以后的事情都已经安排好了。
zhū gě liàng fàng xià qín, réng rán tí xǐng dà jiā liú yì hòu xù xiāo xī, yǎn qián tuō lí wēi xiǎn, bìng bù biǎo shì yǐ hòu de shì qíng dōu yǐ jīng ān pái hǎo le。
Zhuge Liang sets down the instrument and reminds everyone to watch for further news; escaping this danger does not settle everything ahead.
城门外的道路渐渐安静,扫地的人收起工具,西城在这场反常的平静中,终于等来了暂时的安全。
chéng mén wài de dào lù jiàn jiàn ān jìng, sǎo dì de rén shōu qǐ gōng jù, xī chéng zài zhè chǎng fǎn cháng de píng jìng zhōng, zhōng yú děng lái le zàn shí de ān quán。
The road outside grows quiet, sweepers put away their tools, and the city gains temporary safety through its unusual calm.
A 城里为什么感到危险?
chéng lǐ wèi shén me gǎn dào wēi xiǎn?
Why does the city seem endangered?
B 因为兵力不足,敌军又将到来。
yīn wèi bīng lì bù zú, dí jūn yòu jiāng dào lái。
Its forces are insufficient and an army approaches.
A 城门为什么反而打开?
chéng mén wèi shén me fǎn ér dǎ kāi?
Why are the gates opened instead?
B 这是计策的一部分,制造反常的平静。
zhè shì jì cè de yí bù fèn, zhì zào fǎn cháng de píng jìng。
It creates unusual calm as part of the stratagem.
A 司马懿直接看见埋伏了吗?
sī mǎ yì zhí jiē kàn jiàn mái fu le ma?
Does Sima Yi directly see an ambush?
B 没有,埋伏是他根据场面作出的推测。
méi yǒu, mái fu shì tā gēn jù chǎng miàn zuò chū de tuī cè。
No; it is his inference from the scene.